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Monthly Archive for December, 2010

December 31

1909 The Manhattan Bridge, a suspension bridge that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Lower Manhattan with Brooklyn, was first opened to traffic. The bridge was designed by Latvian-American engineer Leon Moisseiff. 1759 Irish brewer Arthur Guinness signed a 9,000 year lease to continue brewing ale at the St. James Gate Brewery [...]

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December 30

1924 American astronomer Edwin Hubble announced the existence of another galactic system in addition to the Milky Way. He had found at least one “island universe,” or galaxy of stars, lies outside our own Milky Way. Until then, scientists were not certain whether certain fuzzy clouds of light called “nebulae” that had been seen with [...]

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December 29

1987 Cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko ended his record 326-day space flight orbiting Earth in the Mir space station, landing in a Soyuz spacecraft at a snow-covered site in Kazakhstan. 1766 Scottish chemist Charles Macintosh was born in Glasgow. He invented rubberized waterproof clothing.

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December 28

1944 American biochemist Kary Mullis was born in Lenoir, North Carolina. He invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983, for which he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize for Chemistry (with Michael Smith). The PCR technique is simple, and within a few hours can make billions of copies of a specific stretch of DNA. It [...]

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December 27

1845 Dr. Crawford Williamson Long of Jefferson, Georgia, first used ether anesthetic for childbirth. 1831 Charles Darwin embarked from Plymouth Sound, England, aboard The HMS Beagle on a voyage in which he would begin to formulate the theory of evolution. 1773 English engineer George Cayley was born in Scarborough, Yorkshire, England. He was one of [...]

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